Hoover HC Jr, et al. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to autologous tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients immunized with an autologous tumor cell/Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine.  Cancer Research. 44:1671-1676 (1984) [the first human publication]

Berns AJ, et al. Phase I study of non-replicating autologous tumor cell injections using cells prepared with our without GM-CSF gene transduction in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Human Gene Therapy. 6:347-368 (1995) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Simons JW, et al. Bioactivity of autologous irradiated renal cell carcinomal vaccines generated by ex-vivo GM-CSF gene transfer. Cancer Research. 57:1537-1546 (1997) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Dranoff G, et al. A phase I study of vaccination with autologous, irradiated melanoma cells engineered to secreted human GM-CSF. Human Gene Therapy. 8:111-123 (1997) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Soiffer R, et al. Vaccination with irradiated autologous meloanoma cells engineered to secrete human GM-CSF generates  potent anti-tumor immunity in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 95:13141-13146 (1998) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Simons JW et al. Induction of immunity to prostate cancer antigens: results of a clinical  trial of vaccination with  irradiated  autologous prostate tumor cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF using ex vivo gene transfer.  Cancer Research. 59:5160-5168 (1999) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Nelson WG, et al. Cancer cells engineered to secrete GMCSF using ex vivo gene transfer as v accines for the treatment of genitourinary malignancies. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 46:Suppl:S67-72 (2000) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Sloan AE, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy in patients with recurrent malignant glioma: Preliminary results using autologous whole-tumor vaccine plus GM-CSF and adoptive transfer of anti-CD3-activated lymphocytes. Neurosurgical Focus. 9:1-8 (2000) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Salgia R, et al. Vaccination with irradiatedautologous tumor cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF augments antitumor immunity in some patients with metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21:624-630 (2003) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Soiffer R, Vaccination with irradiated,  autologous melanoma cells engineered to secrete GM-CSFby adenoviral-mediated gene transfer augments antitumor immunity in patients with metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21:3343-3350 (2003) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Chan B et al. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a pilot study. Cytotherapy 5:46-54 (2003)[cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Nemunaitis J, GM-CSF gene-modified autologous tumor vaccines in non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 96:326-331 (2004) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Schwaab T, et al. Immunological effects of GM-CSF and autologous tumor vaccine in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Journal of Urology. 171:1036-1042 (2004) [cancer cell/GM-CSF immunogenicity]

Chang AE, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy with vaccine primed lymph node cells secondarily activated with anti-CD3 and interleukin 2. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 15:796-807 (1997)

Plautz GE, et al. Systemic adoptive immunotherapy of malignant gliomas. Journal of Neurosurgery. 89:42-51 (1998)

Plautz GE, et al. T-cell adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic RCC. Urology. 54:617-623 (1999)

Wood GW, et al. A pilot study of autologous cancer cell vaccination and adoptive cellular immunotherapy using anti-CD3 stimulated lymphocytes in patients with recurrent grade III/IV astrocytoma. J Neurooncology. 48:113-20 (2000) [see complete publication]

Sloan AE, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy in patients with recurrent malignant glioma: Preliminary results of using autologous whole-tumor vaccine plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and adoptive transfer of anti-CD3-activated lymphocytes. Neurosurgical focus. 9:1-8 (2000) [see complete publication]

To WC, et al. Systemic adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in recurrent and metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase 1 study. Archives of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 126:1225-1231 (2000)

Plautz GE, et al. T cell adoptive immunotherapy of newly diagnosed gliomas. Clinical Cancer Research. 6:2209-2218 (2000)

Chang AE, et al. Phase II trial of autologous tumor vaccination, anti-CD3-activated vaccine-primed lymphocytes, and interleukin-2 in stage IV renal cell cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21:884-890 (2003)

Dudley ME, et al. Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative, but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23:2346-2357 (2005)

Hunder NN, et al. Treatment of metastatic melanoma with autologous CD4+ T cells against NY-ESO-1. New England Journal of Medicine. 358:2698-2703 (2008)

Pre-Clinical Animal Model Studies

Prehn RT and Main JM. Immunity to methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. Journal of the Natlional Cancer Institute. 18:769-778 (1957) [the first]

Dranoff G, et al. Vaccination with irradiated cancer cells engineered to secrete murine GM-CSF stimulates potent, specific, long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Proceedings of the Natlional Academy of Science USA. 90:3539-3543 (1993) [the best]

Immunotherapy with Cancer-Specific Killer T Cells

Shu S, et al. In vitro sensitization and expansion with viable tumor cells and interleukin 2 in the generation of specific therapeutic effector cells. Journal of Immunology. 136:3891-3898 (1986)

Shu S, et al. Lymphocytes generated by in vivo priming and in vitro sensitization demonstrate therapeutic efficacy against a murine tumor that lacks apparent immunogenicity. Journal of Immunology. 143:740-748 (1989)

Yoshizawa H, et  al. Specific adoptive immunotherapy mediated by tumor-draining lymph node cells sequentially activated with anti-CD3 and IL-2. Journal of Immunology. 147:729-737 (1991)

Holladay FP, et al. Cytotoxic T-cells, but not lymphokine activated killer cells, exhibit anti-tumor activity against established intracerebral gliomas. Journal of Neurosurgery. 77:757-762 (1992)

Geiger JD, et al. Generation of T-cells reactive to the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 melanoma with efficacy in the treatment of spontaneous metastases. Journal of Immunotherapy. 13:153-165 (1993)

Wahl WL, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy of murine intracerebral tumors with anti-CD3/interleukin-2-activated tumor-draining lymph node cells. Journal of Immunotherapy. 15:242-250 (1994)

Plautz GE, et al. Treatment of murine gliomas by adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated tumor draining lymph node cells. Cellular Immunology. 178:101-107 (1997)

Peng L, et al. Treatment of subcutaneous tumor with adoptively transferred T-cells. Cellular  Immunology. 178:24-32 (1997)

Ghant VK, et al. Immunotherapy of a murine T cell lymphoma localized to the brain. Journal of Neurooncology. 47:1-10 (2000)

Seki N, et al. Tumor-specific CTL kill murine renal cancer cells using both perforin and Fas ligand-mediated lysis in vitro, but cause tumor regression in vivo in the absence of perforin. Journal of Immunology. 168:3484-3492 (2002)

Parviz M, et al. Successful adoptive immunotherapy with vaccine-sensitized T cells, despite no effect with vaccination alone in a weakly immunogenic tumor model. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. 52:739-750 (2003)

Ruttinger D, et al. Regression of bone metastases following adoptive transfer of anti-CD3-activated and IL-2-expanded tumor vaccine draining lymph node cells. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis. 21:305-312 (2004)